Essentially, decentralized thinking is not emphasized among curricular and reform-minded documents (e.g., state standards, NGSS) as a process-type skill.
Most programmes include a scientific methods course, but only some have PCK-based courses, such as Science Process Skills, Science Projects, The Nature of Science, Science Curriculum Development and Assessment in Science Education.
We therefore take an inclusive view of capacity strengthening as a process of improving individual skills, processes, and structures at the organisational level and the networks and context in which the organisation functions.
We define social competence as a process based on knowledge, skills and attitudes that support effective interaction between the physician and patient despite the social distance that separates them.
Task success was defined as evaluation of successful completion of the task, process skill as evaluation of the procedure, time skill as the time required to complete the task, and knowledge as the objective assessment of conceptual understanding.
Instead of focusing on tangible, static resources requiring some actions to make them valuable (i.e. goods and services), S-D logic considers economic exchange as a process of deploying knowledge and skills for the benefit of others and oneself (Vargo et al. 2008, p. 148).
In programming education, there is a model called 'creative thinking spiral' as a process model to foster creative thinking skills to come up with innovative solutions to the unexpected situations that will continuously arise in people's lives (Resnick 2007).
A program focusing on employee empowerment, skill upgrading and networking was established as a process method to ensure worker participation.
Here we present results from a survey indicating overwhelming support by faculty for teaching undergraduates science process skills, as well as the direct conflict they feel between spending time teaching content and process.
