The sun of the on-diagonal elements is rotationally invariant measure of diffusion, that is, a measure of diffusion independent on the reference frame.
For example, bibliometric indicators (e.g. impact factor) are highly reported as a measure of the diffusion and awareness of research results.
An alternative to non-quantitative diffusion-weighted SSFP imaging is the acquisition of diffusion-weighted images at two or more b-values in order to calculate the apparent diffusion coefficient as a quantitative measure of diffusion.
Besides fMRI, voxel-wise apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), along with fractional anisotropy (FA; as a measure of the directionality of diffusion) values were obtained using DTI, and the spatial orientations of the corticospinal tracts and optic radiations were visualized using tractography technique.
FA in each voxel was used as a measure of the degree of diffusion anisotropy.
Each of the three tracks exhibited a different MSD vs time slope, which was characterized by an effective diffusion coefficient, Deff, as a measure of mobility.
Diffusion tensor images (DTI) were obtained as a measure of structural integrity of the white matter.
They also added the log P value to the docking score, as a measure of the ability of the compounds to cross the membranes by diffusion.
Pulmonary function assessments comprised spirometry tests, Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1, litres) as a measure of airway obstruction and Forced Vital Capacity (FVC, litres), single breath diffusion tests, measuring total lung capacity (TLCO, mmol min−1 kPa−1) (locally corrected for Hb), and gas diffusion of CO within lungs (KCO, mmol min−1 kPa−1 l−1).
We use close friendships in "Trust diffusion in a real-life social network" section as a measure of trust between individuals to perform a validation of our model.
