In this study, we investigated the zoom-lens properties of the three-, four- and five-element electrostatic lens systems as a function of the lens voltages and their dimensions.
In the case of the 2100F, we additionally measure the field conditions as a function of objective lens excitation, which is important for in situ magnetization experiments.
The top panel shows the ion signal recorded for the Ne*+NH 3 reaction (red circles, left scale) and the NH 3 REMPI signal (black circles, right scale) as a function of the lens voltage.
Perceived VPEL did not differ as a function of the lenses being present (M ± SD: 0.2° ± 0.7°), t 9) = 0.86, p =.41, though the perceived VPEL was slightly lower than the true horizontal across both conditions (M ± SD: –1.0° ± 0.9°), t 9) = 3.24, p =.0102.
We also discussed the line-shape profile of a three-element lens system as a function of the focusing voltage for einzel lens configuration.
Figure 13 shows the measured transmission of NH 3 through the guide and into the last chamber as a function of the voltage on the lens.
A number of in vitro measurements have been conducted invasively to determine these elastic properties as a function of the age of the lens tissue [ 2– 7].
Dubbelman et al. [ 15, 41], using corrected Scheimpflug imaging in a population of 102 subjects of different ages, reported values of corneal radii of curvature [ 41], and a linear regression of crystalline lens radii of curvature and lens thickness as a function of age [ 42].
The shear modulus data presented in the paper are used to develop 'age-stiffness' models to represent the shear modulus of the lens as a function of age.
Total transmission, including the lens, with ±12 kV on the guide electrodes are shown as red curve (lens voltage ±2 kV) and pink curve (lens voltage ±4 kV). Figure 10 shows the transmission through the electric guide (as color code, without the lens) as a function of velocity and the ratio m/μ 0 when the guide is operated with ±12 kV.
