PCBs have also been proposed to act as a "second hit" driving steatosis to NASH in mice exposed to high fat diet [ 24].
Notably, DSS-induced colitis in heterozygous Mdr2+/− mice as a "second hit" induced only mild portal inflammation but not the full-blown picture of sclerosing cholangitis [100].
I am reluctant to say a swinging bunt as a first hit of the season is a bad omen, as the Yankees hope Gardner's speed will enable him to beat out those types of balls this year, but the Yankees' offense in the first three innings has been a strikeout (reached on a wild pitch), a walk and a swinging bunt.
Host predisposing conditions act as a first hit in healthy lungs, where multiple hit can induce ARDS.
"And as a first hit-out score, all in all we're fairly happy with that.
The engagement of RAGE by AGEs, a heterogeneous group of glycoxidated proteins, was proposed as a "first hit" in a two stage model of inflammation.
> For the ancient data, we get similar results for the Aborigine, which is assigned to the correct geographic region (Oceania) as a first hit with a depth of ∼0.001× and above.
Insertional mutagenesis with potential activation of proto-oncogenes as a first hit in a multistep scenario of cancer development thus represents one of the major hurdles to a more widespread exploration of gene-based treatments (Kustikova et al, 2010).
If we use the sequence of this gene as a query for the BLAST, we obtain as a first hit the orthologous gene NC_009512.Pput_2974, which is 127 bps shorter (compared with NC_002947.PP_2781) at the 5'-end and it is adjacent to the NC_009512.Pput_2975 gene.
Indeed, the functional equivalence between the effect and significance of the epigenetic silencing of BRCA1 and the inheritance of BRCA1 mutations [ 15– 17], has supported the notion that BRCA1 promoter methylation may serve as a first hit, much like an inherited germline mutation.
