The phrase "as a direct substrate" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used in scientific or technical contexts, particularly in discussions about biochemical processes or materials science where a substrate is involved.
Example: "The enzyme acts on glucose as a direct substrate, facilitating the reaction."
Alternatives: "as a primary substrate" or "as a main substrate".
Through co-immunoprecipitation and acyl-biotin exchange, MT1-MMP was identified as a direct substrate of ZDHHC13.
The identification of Yorkie as a direct substrate of Warts provided the important link between the Hippo core components and gene expression [12],[12],[12].
Similar to PTP1B, TCPTP uses autophosphorylated IR as a direct substrate both in vivo and in vitro (Lammers et al., 1993; Galic et al., 2003).
Guided by this information, we identified KEAP1 (also known as KLHL19), the primary negative regulator of NRF2, as a direct substrate of OGT We show that O-GlcNAcylation of KEAP1 at serine 104 is required for the efficient ubiquitination and degradation of NRF2.
Very recently, the growth factor receptor binding protein 10 (Grb10) has been identified as a direct substrate of mTORC1 and phosphorylation of Grb10 by mTORC1 has been suggested to enhance the feedback inhibition of the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathways (Hsu et al., 2011; Yu et al., 2011) (Fig. 1).
Thus, these data are not consistent with Shank1 as a direct substrate for TRIM3.
Our data suggest that this is due to modulation of γ-secretase, as introducing the mutation to C99, a direct substrate for γ-secretase, significantly increased the ratio of Aβ1 42 to Aβ1 40 in cell cultures.
It is reported that the level of the β-carboxyl fragment of APP (C99, also known as βCTF and CTFβ), which is a direct substrate of γ-secretase for Aβ production, in cells expressing APP A673T was one fourth of that detected in cells expressing APP wild-type (WT), which suggests the concomitant decrease of C99 as a counterpart of sAPPβ [ 18].
Further study should be focused on the identification of a direct substrate for STK33 so as to determine the precise role of STK33 gene in the initiation and progression of cancer cells.
As a control, SB203580 inhibited Dex-induced phosphorylation of MAPKAPK-2, a direct substrate of p38-MAPK (data not shown).
Surprisingly, however, our data do not favor a direct substrate relationship between AZ proteins and autophagy.
