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Given the relatively small proportion of the prison population that serve sentences of under 12 months, perhaps it is unsurprising that recent history has shown an inconvenient flaw to the argument that community sentences operate as a direct alternative to custody.
According to Higgins (2000), adhesive bonding of aeronautics primary structures is intensively used on current aircraft projects as a direct alternative of riveting process.
The administration also rejected an amendment by the lone Conservative councillor to cut £44,000 from the authority's food, drink and entertainment budget as a direct alternative to cutting a principal teacher's post from a young mums' unit.
The GWPCA technique can be viewed as a direct alternative to SPCA for incorporating spatial effects into a PCA, but whereas GWPCA accounts for first order (nonstationary) spatial effects, sPCA accounts for second-order (stationary) spatial effects.
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As White House Director of New Media, he's gotten the president to embrace social media as a more direct alternative to the otherwise exclusive circles of the White House press corp.
As a direct consequence, no alternative supply of fatty acids may be available and β-oxidation relevant enzymes are shut down as well because of the limited substrate available.
It is important to note, however, that our advocacy of using outbreak data for the purposes outlined in this article does not suggest that such information necessarily should be used as a direct substitute for alternative ecologic measurements.
On the other hand, oil debris analysis, as a direct sensing method, provides an alternative solution by offline inspection of the gearbox condition.
Drawing upon in-depth research of discourse and action in two major corporations – one in banking and the other in advanced telecommunications equipment design and manufacture – we reveal how senior executives 'ruled in' certain ways of talking about innovation and strategy and also as a direct result, 'ruled out' other, alternative ways of thinking.
For drugs that have difficulties in distribution to the brain, the IN route of drug administration may be a good alternative as a direct absorption from the nose to the brain has been proven to exist.
For most of the models that are not intended as direct alternatives to hospital care (e.g. residential rehabilitation, and community assessment and rehabilitation services) only descriptive data are available [ 15].
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