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To identify spike events, i.e. spikes that were reliably reproduced in more than 33% of stimulus presentations we used the peri-stimulus spike density function (PSDF, Fig. 2D) as a continuous estimate of firing frequency along the course of the stimulus.
Pill count adherence will be treated as a continuous estimate and will be analyzed using linear mixed-effects models to compare mean pill counts between study arms over the course of the trial.
Hue density graphs display the population distribution of the hue variable as a continuous estimate smoothed by a Gaussian kernel (R density function, bandwidth = 7, n ≥ 130 deposits per set in all graphs shown, except for Figure 3D, in which bandwidth = 10, n ≥ 50).
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Royston [ 11] described the log-normal model as a pragmatic tool that provides a continuous estimate.
Nitrogen stable isotopes are generally used as a continuous indirect estimate of trophic position of consumers in food webs.
Additional analyses were performed using contact months as a continuous variable estimating the odds ratio associated with one unit increment of social contact month.
We based analysis of discriminant validity on differences between each of the chronic condition groups and the healthy group with gender as a fixed factor and age as a continuous covariate, estimating each parameter's influence on the total aR-score and each of its subscales.
When breastfeeding duration was modeled as a continuous variable, estimated decreases in maternal serum concentrations associated with 12 months of breastfeeding were 34%9595% CI: –44, –23%) for PFOA, 26%9595% CI: –34, –17%) for PFOS, 17%9595% CI: –24, –8%) for PFNA, and 12%9595% CI: –25, 1%) for PFHxS.
Spline regression was used in which calcium score was treated as a continuous variable to estimate the relationship between observed CAC and the risk of mortality.
Cox regression analyses were additionally performed to analyze the effect of TTR concentration as a continuous variable to estimate the risk for CVE and mortality in BMI tertiles.
We simultaneously included daily AT (as a continuous variable), to estimate the effect of heat, and an indicator variable for heat wave days (HW t = 1 if day t was classified as part of a heat wave, 0 otherwise), to estimate the effect of heat waves.
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