The as-prepared catalyst also shows an outstanding stability with a current density retention of 94% at a constant water oxidation for almost 10 h.
Hollow TiO2 particles, besides their high performance as a catalyst, are also characterized by their high specific surface, high permeability, high strength, and low density [1, 2].
Moreover, the utilization of the stabilized AuNPs as a catalyst has also been demonstrated.
For the comparison, biodiesel preparation using NaOH as a catalyst was also conducted under the same operating condition with those using CaO as catalyst.
FeCl3 that has rarely been utilized before is introduced not only as a catalyst but also as an efficient transforming agent which converts boron powder into boron chloride (BCl3) vapor in situ.
The crystalline form of γ-alumina (γ-Al2O3) with a high specific surface area, large porosity and suitable thermal, chemical and mechanical stability is the most important structure that has been used as a catalyst and also as a support [12, 13].
As a catalyst, MnTHPPCI also showed a high catalytic activity in the conversion from 1-naphthylamine (1-NA) to bis (4-oxo-benzo-2-cyclohexen-1-yl) amine (BOBCHA) via oxidative coupling under mild conditions.
The predominant properties of GNs not only make Fe center in the N4-ring protrude to serve as a catalyst, but also increase the active sites, resulting in excellent ORR catalytic activity in alkaline electrolytes.
Ultrasonication increased the biodiesel conversion to 85.5% from non-edible vegetable oil with the immobilized lipase (Chromobacterium viscosum) as a catalyst [19] and also decreased the reaction time of ascorbyl palmitate to 2 h with the conversion of about 27%[20]].
