By artificially enforcing two time-scale separation in the antiwindup loop, through the introduction of a parasitic time-constant, we can exploit the additional design degree of freedom for eliminating algebraic loops and for practical implementation of the antiwindup control.
In one approach, populations were either released from sexual antagonism (by artificially enforcing life-long monogamy) or were subjected to sexual antagonism (by maintaining the normal polygamous mating system).
Decorative effects telegraph information instead of dramatically delivering it; characters are sketchy (but well performed, in particular, Martin McCormick's Dad and Zhang Kai's school bully); the insistence on silence occasionally seems artificially enforced; some encounters with dragons are more obscure than affecting.
Concerning the behavior of the pressure at the edge of contact, adherence to the boundary conditions required by the principle of virtual work, shows that while the pressure does tend to zero, it does not become zero unless artificially enforced.
No minimal sampling time was required to artificially enforce the animal to take a decision.
This method scans changes in the variabilities of metabolic fluxes in response to an artificially enforced objective flux of product formation.
However, 29 genes from our gene set were associated with individual height growth traits (predominantly tree height measures taken in 1999 preceding the artificially enforced weevil attacks), Additional File 1.
In addition to this, we should artificially enforce a similarity cut-off between the query and the known protein to assign the query protein to its associated GO category.
Second, again with GR constraints, the cell growth rate was maximized while gradually increasing the constraint value for the target product formation rate (our objective function which is artificially enforced) from a minimal to a theoretical maximum, as calculated from the first step.
An approach that has proved more successful for studying sexual conflict, particularly in insects but not yet performed in plants, comes from experimental evolution studies varying the degree of sexual selection artificially, e.g. enforced monogamy vs. polyandry (Rice 1996; Edward et al. 2010).
Nonuniform tracer uptake artificially increases the degree of clustered labeling following simulated injections; by enforcing uniform tracer uptake, our models must explain clustered labeling solely through patterns of axonal projection.
