Sentence examples for artificial transformation of from inspiring English sources

In this second Part, a Diamant-based ANM driver is designed for the solution of nonlinear problems involving a homotopy, that is an artificial transformation of the original problem into a simpler one whose solutions are known.

Some groups have studied molecular pathways involved in the artificial transformation of MSC transduced with oncogenes [12], [13].

Moreover, in spite of the development of artificial transformation and other genetic tools for some species of Mycoplasma, these methodologies are yet to be developed for M. hyopneumoniae.

The frequency and efficiency of artificial transformation in strain CAG18439 were similar to those for other strains (HB101 and MC4100) that show a low frequency of cell-to-cell transformation (Fig. 2B, C), suggesting that the notable CAG18439 feature, which causes high-frequency cell-to-cell transformation, does not participate in artificial transformation.

We also found that the cell-to-cell transformation frequency and efficiency involving CAG18439 and pHSG299 were equivalent to those of artificial transformation (Fig. 2A vs. 2B, C), indicating that cell-to-cell transformation under optimal conditions is highly efficient and comparable to artificial transformation.

Therefore, it was suggested that the cell-to-cell transformation mechanism is different from that of known artificial transformation.

In support of this notion, previous studies with artificial transformation have also reported that short DNA fragments can mutagenize cells in a RecA-independent manner 20– 20.

Figure 2 shows the results of a comparison between cell-to-cell transformation and artificial transformation using the same recipient strains.

To further examine the features of cell-to-cell transformation, we compared this transformation type with conventional artificial transformation (Fig. 2).

Several results suggest the requirement for trace amounts (<0.5 mM) of Ca2+ (and Mg2+) for natural transformation in E. coli [18], [43], similar to artificial transformation.

In particular, we focus on methods of natural and artificial transformations (especially electroporation) and conjugation because they have been successfully applied to several marine strains.