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These studies suggested that such variability might be due to the loss of anti-predator traits in cattle as a result of the domestication and artificial selection processes.
In recent times, the study of artificial selection processes continues to help shaping the general concepts and models for evolution [2].
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Crop domestication is an artificial selection process, fostering co-dependence between human and crop plants.
There were no indications of severe genetic bottlenecks over the entire production cycle and the artificial selection process.
Ideally, the artificial selection process affects only loci that are causally involved in the expression of the trait in question.
None of these extreme dynamics correspond to the regular response to selection observed empirically during the artificial selection process, and can therefore be ruled out: the allelic frequencies of H and L alleles were probably roughly even in this particular initial population.
Although the Youli synthetic breed seems 'enriched' in extreme probes, may be because of its highly heterogenous backgroung, it is of interest to study the extreme probes between Iberian (a non selected breed) vs. the rest of breeds, which have undergone a rather intense artificial selection process.
More interestingly and as several authors have noted (e.g., Evans 1984; Rheinberger and McLaughlin 1984; Richards 1997; Ross-Ibarra et al. 2007), it was not only Darwin's opponents but also some of his most ardent supporters who questioned the validity of comparing artificial selection with processes occurring in the wild.
These results provide significant insights into the selective sweeps brought about by artificial selection during the process of crop domestication.
Artificial selection is the process of intentional or unintentional modification of individuals in a population through human action, resulting in phenotypic evolution of plants and animals.
An intuitive explanation is that altered sex-specific recombination patterns in domesticated mammals (cattle are also atypical, exhibiting no heterochiasmy [ 34]) might be an incidental result of strong artificial selection during the process of domestication.
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