These data suggest that, independently of artificial selection, Arabidopsis had also expanded and developed a specific machinery against abiotic or biotic stress response, which argues against the assumption that artificial selection leads to resistant genes accumulation.
We inferred that observers can adopt artificial response criteria without any significant increase in criterion fluctuation.
Housing animals in artificial conditions can induce a number of innate biological responses which may impact negatively upon individuals, not least due to the restricted movement imposed by a small pen or cage [2].
He told the BBC that Spain was "bullying" Gibraltar in response to the artificial reef, which was made by placing concrete blocks in the sea on Wednesday and Thursday.
Instead, he fusses mightily, employing elaborate camera moves of little emotional calibration but much artificial urgency, which seem calculated to manipulate audience response independent of the characters' own responses to events — and seemingly independent of the director's own response to them.
Generally speaking, artificial neural network (ANN) can be described as a computational system consisting of a set of highly interconnected processing elements, called artificial neurons, which process information as a response to external stimuli.
Therefore, we also calculated female response time from the offset of the male artificial bout, which ignores potential overlaps (see inset in Figure 5B,C).
Based on the latter, we also expected IFC activation in the POST-training session in response to artificial AV combinations which, after training, were considered as mismatching.
The weaknesses are that they are conducted under very artificial conditions (which may affect tolerance to external stress), any avoidance response by the insect is limited and hence the exposure dose and form is determined solely by the experimenter, and responses at the colony or population level are both difficult to study and to extrapolate to the field' [2].
The seismic response of four SMRF is investigated using time-history dynamic non-linear analyses based on two artificial accelerograms which are consistent with a typical European spectrum.
