The phrase "artificial loading in" is not correct and lacks clarity in written English.
It may be used in a technical context, but it requires additional information to convey a complete thought.
Example: "The study focused on artificial loading in the context of machine learning algorithms."
Alternatives: "synthetic loading in" or "simulated loading in".
Artificial loading experiments in birds have shown that they are able to carry loads more efficiently than mammals, with either a less than directly proportional relationship [35] or a direct proportionality [32] between mass and net metabolic rate.
Although changes in the efficiency of elastic energy savings during artificial loading are unknown, in unloaded animals elastic energy recovery can elicit large reductions in the cost of transport [81].
It is axiomatic that bones will only show an adaptive response if the applied artificial loading environment differs in a significant way from that to which the bones have been habituated by normal functional loading.
However, when comparing results from studies using artificial loading and exercise in aged experimental animals, it is important to consider the differences between these models.
In conclusion, the mouse fibula appears to be a suitable bone in which to assess mechanically adaptive (re)modelling associated with artificial loading of the tibia/fibula in vivo.
This comparison showed no additional effect of exercise on bone's response to artificial loading for any measured parameter in trabecular or cortical bone.
Exercise was combined with artificial loading sufficient to cause bone gain in young and aged mice.
In the earliest experiments using artificial loading, Hert et al. [34] showed that adaptation took place in the tibia when the sciatic nerve had been sectioned.
To establish that "signature", we compared the pattern of gene expression in bones that had recently experienced a single, short period of artificial loading with that from their contra-lateral controls that were only exposed to habitual, natural loading.
