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Tolerance to artificial damage was assessed as the difference in fitness between undamaged and damaged plants of the same family and tolerance to snail damage was assessed as the slope of the proportion of leaf area damaged and number of fruits produced after damage [21].
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Changes in the identified modal parameters attributable to the artificial damage were observed.
Artificial damage is induced in membrane structure by cutting and tearing the membrane.
Artificial damage is created between the interface of core and faceplate and also in the core of sandwich beam to simulate core faceplate debonding and core crushing, respectively.
Another method of introducing an artificial damage is by loading the steel girder beyond yielding and then unloading.
Artificial corrosion damage was applied to the tubular specimens via mechanical processing and hand drilling to replicate the inclined nature of jacket-type offshore structures.
But until recently, that damage was masked by artificial sources of growth, like the last decade's credit and housing bubbles.
It had proposed that artificial damage will be introduced at various locations in a Hawk tailplane, and that fatigue testing will be carried out to assess the effectiveness of the bonded patches in retarding crack growth.
The damage was simulated by using an artificial debonding in the joint, inserting Teflon™ tapes within the joint.
Damage was successfully identified for all four artificial damage cases considered.
The damage is an artificial debonding in the joint, which was simulated by inserting Teflon™ tapes within the joint.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com