The phrase "artificial damage to" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used in contexts discussing harm or impairment caused by non-natural means, such as in scientific, legal, or technical discussions.
Example: "The researchers found evidence of artificial damage to the ecosystem caused by industrial activities."
Alternatives: "man-made damage to" or "synthetic harm to".
Identification of propagation vibrational modes and measurements of mode energy amplitude are used to correlate the spectral energy change to the extension of an artificial damage introduced to the cable sample by a notch transversal to the pulse propagation.
Furthermore, FAIBG without thorough debridement, which requires relatively simple surgical devices and reduces artificial damage, appears to be a better method for resisting FHC than FAIBG with thorough debridement.
To investigate tolerance to artificial damage, i.e. to a combination of clipping and spraying with jasmonic acid, we repotted 2 16 seedlings per family (totally 149 families).
The exceptionally high tolerance to artificial damage and the relatively good tolerance to snail damage might be explained by the experimental greenhouse conditions, which reflected optimal growth conditions for Lychnis flos-cuculi.
To examine tolerance to artificial damage, we tested the effects of cross, population, family and clipping on the number of fruits produced by conducting a mixed model analysis of covariance.
Tolerance to artificial damage was assessed as the difference in fitness between undamaged and damaged plants of the same family and tolerance to snail damage was assessed as the slope of the proportion of leaf area damaged and number of fruits produced after damage [21].
Outbreeding had no significant effects on tolerance to artificial damage (Table 2; Fig. 1c).
Our results add to the notion that tolerance may differ depending on the type of damage, and that estimates of tolerance to artificial damage should not be directly interpreted as tolerance against damage by herbivores.
Changes in the identified modal parameters attributable to the artificial damage were observed.
