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For years, they've operated a business model where academics provide their research for free and give journals publishing rights to the final versions of their articles in exchange for distribution in prestigious journals.
The payment of APC grants the authors immediate worldwide open access to their full-text articles also distribution in various formats of online publication, inclusion in bibliographic databases and SpringerLink, inclusion in CrossRef enabling electronic citation in other journals available electronically and lifelong deposit in digital archives including e-Depot (The Netherlands).
These seven touch points can be a mix of marketing strategies, including social media posts, email campaigns, phone calls and articles in publications with wide distributions.
You see a similar sort of unexpected spatial distribution of articles in the map of Swahili Wikipedia (i.e. why are there so many articles in Turkey?).
We therefore analyzed the distribution of articles in top journals and lower impact journals over time for the attractive topics.
The distribution of articles in EM journals, number of citations, and publication types were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
We recorded the number of articles published each year, analyzed the publication type, and evaluated the accumulated and average impact factors (IFs), and the distribution of articles in ophthalmic journals in relation to IFs.
In this study, the accumulated and average IFs, citations of every article, and the distribution of articles in ophthalmic journals in relation to IFs were calculated to permit comparison of the quality of the publications as previous studies described [ 2, 7].
At an organizational level, two trends I discussed in prior articles — distribution of work over time and geography and thought-driven, not muscle-powered, work — are dramatically increasing environmental uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity.
In one of the Lukacs Symposia in the early 1990s held at Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, Dr. Adrienne Kemp (University of St. Andrews in Scotland) in her address stated that all research articles on statistical distributions are scattered in various journals and there is no dedicated journal for statistical distributions.
Then, in 1991, he appeared before an angry crowd of students, faculty members and administrators protesting homophobic articles in a conservative campus magazine whose distribution had led to a spate of harassment and slurs against gay men and lesbians on campus.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com