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If OA articles tended to be older than non-OA articles, then article age, rather than OA, could be the cause of the OA Advantage.
Figure 5 illustrates the Age*OA interaction effect for the lo/hi range comparison using the means for OA and Non-OA citation counts for each article age.
Logistic regression analysis showed that the advantage is independent of other correlates of citations (article age; journal impact factor; number of co-authors, references or pages; field; article type; or country) and highest for the most highly cited articles.
This study confirms that the OA advantage is a statistically significant, independent positive increase in citations, even when we control the independent contributions of many other salient variables (article age, journal impact factor, number of authors, number of pages, number of references cited, Review, Science, USA author).
Other covariates in the statistical model were PMC (an indicator variable identifying treatment articles; PMC=1, control=0) and article age (yr).
Interactions of the PMC variable with article age and baseline performance variables were also included in the model to test whether the PMC effect was constant across the data set.
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I sent Newman's article to Age UK and asked them about this claim.
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