We hypothesised that if the protective effect of moderate drinking was more than an artefact of study design and operated through a cardiovascular pathway, any risk reduction in mortality would be greatest among those aged 65 years or more.
We felt it was important to examine possible explanations for the excess of male symptomatic knee ROA in the CAS K) cohort in order to determine if an artefact of study design was responsible, in which case important lessons for future study design could be learned and misinterpretation avoided.
Using accepted methodology described previously we estimated the degree of technical artefact by studying nuclei in TMA cores with non-malignant prostatic epithelium (Ventura et al, 2006).
The ranges provided are an artefact of the study area, the number of land cover categories and the resolution, as when summed across a large number of pixels, pixel error is mostly negated as underestimates in one part of the landscape are counterbalanced by overestimates in other parts.
The positive globalization to growth relationship becomes a questionable artefact of the studies' design.
This is no effect of the treatment, but an artefact of the studies included in this meta-analysis.
Unfortunately, it is not clear whether the geographical variation in responses is a reflection of fundamental differences in GORD biology or an artefact of the study.
However, these requirements were an artefact of the study and would not apply should the intervention be incorporated into routine clinical care.
However, we cannot completely exclude the possibility that the prevalence of darker objects in the turtles is partially an artefact of our study design, as the debris in the turtles' gastrointestinal system is exposed to digestive fluids and other waste, which may result in a reduction of luminance.
