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These individual probe intensities are used in the subsequent preprocessing steps, during which each array is standardized by first estimating and then subtracting the background signal in order to reduce the effect of non-specific hybridization [ 44].
The estimated standard error obtained for each gene on each array from fitPLM was standardized across arrays so that the median standard error for that gene was 1. NUSE statistics (NUSE median and inter-quartile range IQR) were computed for each array.
For the normalization, Agilent Processed Signal (Agilent Feature Extraction Software) was standardized across arrays using quantile normalization [ 33].
Equipment was standardized, rules established.
Tendon rehabilitation was standardized.
The anesthetic was standardized.
The anesthetic regimen was standardized.
General anaesthesia was standardized.
Postoperative care was standardized.
The interview was standardized.
Data processing was standardized.
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