Multivalent molecules with a precise array of recognition elements that interact with specific cell types are important for characterizing the topology of molecules on a cell surface.
Patchwork of Recognition and Non-Recognition.
Immature DC are highly phagocytic and express an array of pattern recognition receptors (Takeuchi and Akira, 2010), which stimulates the process of DC maturation and initiates the stimulation of naïve T-cells and shapes the nature of adaptive immune response.
In this regard, it is interesting to note that CD103+CD11b+ cDCs and CD103+CD11b− cDCs express a partially overlapping and partially distinct array of pattern recognition receptors 20, 81, 84, 85, suggesting that they may respond differentially to microbial signals in the intestinal lumen.
Cells that define the internal wall of blood vessels, such as the endothelium or the platelets recruited at sites of vessel injury to surrogate the function of the endothelium, indeed sense potential threats to the integrity of vessels and surrounding tissues through an array of pattern recognition receptors (PRR) [ 7, 8].
APCs are equipped with highly specialized receptors, including an array of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as C-type receptors (CLRs) and Toll-like receptors (TLRs).
DCs express an array of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) so that they can recognize any threat to the body.
A wide array of pattern recognition receptors (PRR) are implicated in the sensing/detection of various microbial structures such as membrane components, nucleic acids, and motility apparatuses [ 58].
Macrophages are equipped with a complex array of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that bind a varied assortment of pathogen-associated ligands.
PMNs express a wide array of pattern recognition receptors, including 12 of the13 known toll-like receptors (TLRs; the exception is TLR3), C-type lectin receptors dectin 1 (CLEC7andand CLEC2, NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and cytoplastic sensors of ribonucleic acids, including retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) [ 22- 26].
