Ras proteins exist in an inactive GDP-bound and an active GTP-bound conformation, and in the active GTP-bound state, Ras functions by binding and modulating the activity of a diverse array of effector proteins, such as Raf kinases, RalGEFs, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases[ 3, 4].
NETs are large extracellular structures comprising a mesh of chromatin fibers containing an array of granule proteins such as neutrophil elastase (NE) and myeloperoxidase (MPO)14,15, which are capable of trapping and in some instances killing microbes.
Serine/threonine phosphatases such as PP1 associate with a large array of subunit proteins, such as ASPP (apoptosis-stimulating protein of p53) to achieve selective targeting.
That success led them to explore whether they could also create arrays of larger proteins, such as antibodies.
A similar paradigm has recently been proposed from studies on the regulation of DNMT1 protein stability through the coordinated interaction of an array of DNMT1-associated proteins, such as UHRF1, Tip60 (Tat-interactive protein) and HAUS (herpes virus-associated ubiquitin specific protease) [ 40- 42].
The surface-exposed proteome (SEP) of a cancerous cell includes a multifarious array of proteins critical to cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, adhesion, and inter-cellular communication.
The free NF-κB translocates to the nucleus and mediates the transcription of a vast array of proteins involved in tumor progression, such as proliferation, migration, and apoptosis [52].
Nuclear β-catenin activates transcription factors of the T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancing factor (TCF/LEF) family by displacing Groucho proteins and recruiting an array of co-activator proteins such as BCL9/PYG and CBP [8], [9].
The extracellular surface of a cancerous cell includes a multifarious array of proteins that are critical to processes such as cell proliferation, migration, adhesion, and inter-cellular communication.
Biotrophic plant pathogens such as rust pathogens secrete an array of proteins, known as effectors, to modulate plant innate immunity and enable parasitic infection [ 6].
