Autophagy is regulated by a complex array of signaling pathways that act upstream of autophagy proteins.
The aggressive behavior of malignant cancer cells is determined by a complex array of signaling pathways that regulate key functions, such as growth, survival, migration, and invasion.
Protein kinases regulate an array of signalling pathways that control metabolism, cell cycle progression, cell death, differentiation and survival.
These approaches have imparted considerable knowledge about a wide array of developmental signalling pathways that are now known to be dysregulated in tumours.
The forkhead O class transcription factors interface with an array of signal transduction pathways that include protein kinase B (Akt), serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible protein kinase (SgK), I κB kinase (IKK), silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (S. cerevisiae) (SIRT1), growth factors, and Wnt signaling that can determine the activity and integrity of FoxO proteins.
In summary, Hu et al. (2015) highlight the need for PCR array analysis of important components of signaling pathways that could provide prompt answers on tumor behavior and serve to customize combinatorial therapies.
In spite of the complex genetic architecture, these discoveries demonstrate that a broad array of pathways underlies the genetic heterogeneity of SSc, including innate immunity pathways (Toll-like receptor, interferon, DNA clearance during apoptosis), adaptive immunity pathways [interleukin (IL -12], and fIL -12] pandways.
To validate the biological relevance of these findings, we evaluated other genes represented on the arrays to identify gene pathways that might be coordinately regulated with PKC-β.
Previous study has shown that Trichoplax genome encodes a rich array of transcription factors and signaling pathways that are typically associated with eumetazoan developmental patterning and cell-type specification [ 1].
Affected metabolites represented a wide array of pathways with particular reductions in anabolic pathways, including pyrimidine and purine metabolism, glycolysis, and the amino and nucleotide sugar metabolism that support glycosylation.
