The evolution of host defenses against parasites and pathogens has resulted in a wide array of mechanisms conferring resistance and tolerance.
Reform should have twin aims: to fix the banks so they become more reliable; and to create a broader array of mechanisms for bringing savers and borrowers together.The starting point must be the banks' ghastly ailments.
Bacterial species belonging to the genera Bacillus, Burkholderia, Collimonas and Pseudomonas have been studied extensively from a biocontrol perspective [ 6, 30, 39, 70] and found to use a wide array of mechanisms influencing plant growth and health (reviewed by [ 7, 71]).
The use of viruses as vectors for the delivery of heterologous antigens needs careful consideration because the immune system has evolved a sophisticated array of mechanisms to both detect and eliminate invading viruses.
Plant pathogens are also capable of exploiting a wide array of mechanisms in order to counteract and compete against antagonism from both microbial antagonists and other pathogens [ 19].
Acinetobacter spp., similar to P. aeruginosa, have an array of mechanisms by which they develop and horizontally transfer resistance.
However, bursty transcription is a quite general phenomenon involving a vast array of mechanisms, such as nuclear translocation and oscillations of second messengers (Ca2+, cAMP; Cai et al. 2008; reviewed in Chubb et al. 2006).
In addition to IAA production, Azospirillum, as well as other PGPB have been implicated with an array of mechanisms that act simultaneously or sequentially and result in increased plant growth (Bashan and de-Bashan 2010), root formation, cell division and growth, and production of lateral and adventitious roots (Werner et al. 2003; Bhattacharyya and Jha 2012).
CLASS-CONSCIOUS Britons have an astonishing array of mechanisms to signal their social status and figure out, discreetly, that of their compatriots.
Plant pathogenic fungi have evolved a wide array of mechanisms to defend themselves during stress and competition, either in an attempt to ameliorate the effects of toxic compounds, or to outcompete other microorganisms in terms of scavenging nutrients, occupying ecological niches and altering the environment [ 19].
In particular, we emphasize how by combining biochemical, molecular, and imaging techniques, one can determine some of the complex array of mechanisms that have evolved to modulate the spatial and temporal dynamics of Ras regulation through these various Ras GAPs.
