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To make the real-time focusing possible in the exposure process, diffractive microlens arrays with continuous relief are designed and fabricated using harmonic diffraction theory for parallel laser direct writing to integrate the exposing and autofocusing functions in one array by taking both the writing resolution and diffraction efficiency into consideration.
To estimate the signal from a heterozygote hybridization, we created a pseudo-F1 array by taking the mean of two parent hybridizations (Fig. 1b).
Finally, we combine data from multiple exposures of an array by taking their medians.
This score predicts the success of an SNP assay on the array by taking into account the GC content and sequence adjacent to the SNP site and assigning a value from zero to one.
The p-convert value can take a value between 0 and 1 and describes the predicted probability to convert on the array by taking its sequence, binding energies, expected degree of non-specific binding and hybridization to multiple genomic regions into account.
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Figure 1 shows the typical SEM images of TNT arrays by taking S1 as an example (all samples exhibit similar morphologies).
Prior to DEG determination, the microarray raw data were tested for quality assessment purposes, comparing it to a synthetic array created by taking probe-wise medians.
We next measured the variation in overall DNA methylation between the NU specimens plotted against a common reference (a synthetic array formed by taking the median β-value for each probe among the 6 normal samples).
A t-norm T can be extended (by associativity) in a unique way to an r-array operation by taking, for any ( x 1, …, x r ) ∈ [ 0, 1 ] r, the value T ( x 1, …, x r ) defined by T j = 1 0 x j : = 1, T j = 1 r x j : = T ( T j = 1 r − 1 x j, x r ) = T ( x 1, …, x r ).
A t-norm T can be extended (by associativity) in a unique way to an n-array operation by taking, for any ( x 1, …, x n ) ∈ [ 0, 1 ] n, the value T ( x 1, …, x n ) defined by T i = 1 0 x i : = 1, T i = 1 n x i : = T ( T i = 1 n − 1 x i, x n ) = T ( x 1, …, x n ).
Then the difference array was calculated by taking the sum of derivative value along each detector pixel.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com