An overwhelmingly large fraction of the phenotypic differences between mammalian species relies on the arrangement, including scale, of a more or less common set of cellular phenotypes.
By testing the presumption of efficiency of a given arrangement against scale, it is possible to determine whether the arrangement happens to be in a situation of least-cost service provision, or whether there may be possibilities for additional cost reductions via rescaling.
When this arrangement was scaled up, so that it could be launched by running with it down a slope into a slight uphill breeze instead of being towed by a motor boat, hang-gliding took off around the world.
And it's not just a time improvement; the analog circuit arrangements can scale to larger sizes than any human could possibly hope to work out a solution for — an entire organ or organism rather than a single cell, for instance.
The arrangement of scales is used to identify snake species.
In this work, we explore how the geometry and arrangement of hard scales can be tailored to promote scale-scale interactions.
Additionally, observer ratings of available resources and classroom arrangements were high and almost identical between the treatment and comparison groups (on a 1 3 scale: arrangement = 2.82 [treatment] and 2.83 [comparison]; resources = 2.61 [treatment] and 2.58 [comparison]; n = 85 [treatment] and 12 [comparison]; two-tailed t-test: p = 0.89 [resources]; p = 0.93 [arrangement]).
The taxonomy is uncertain, however, and about 21 species, differing primarily in scale arrangement, are recognized.
Although fundamentally similar to pervaporation, the arrangement entailed small scale (∼1 cmembranerane dispensing of methanol with water counterdiffusion.
Rasch Measurement Model was used to assess internal validity of the items, unidimensionality of each construct, and item arrangement in each scale in the questionnaire.
