As in survival analyses, events are presumed instantaneous and assumed to arise only one at a time, i.e., the probability that an individual experiences two events at the exact same instant is zero.
The phylogeny of CAO gene sequences, coupled with genetic evidence [ 11, 14, 16], indicated that CAO is a single-copy gene and that the ability of photosynthetic systems to synthesize Chl b arose only one time, an important event in the evolution of plants.
A friend of the unity of science, on the other hand, might respond by claiming that this natural inclination arises only because one is ignorant of the neuroscientific details.
The obligation to keep a promise or fulfill a contract, for example, arises only when one has done something that generates the obligation — made a promise or signed a contract — but the duties of charity and truth telling supposedly fall on us regardless of what, if anything, we voluntarily commit to do.
The questions of how to define ancillary system properties, such as the boundaries of the reaction compartment, arise only when one insists on forcing (M,R) into a biologically plausible context.
But the federal question that makes that relevant here would arise only if one forgot that 3 U.S.C., Section 5, is all carrot and no stick.
According to Sreedharan and Shpak 50, the trait can arise only if one assumes very high mutation rates of selfish cytoplasmic elements (5% per generation).
The problem arises only for the small number of complex ones.
In Malebranche's defense, one might note that the latter problem arises only from regarding ideas as logical entities.
Because the first eyespots arose on only one wing, on only one wing surface, and only in certain wing sectors [ 13], these three positional identities were present when Nymphalid eyespots first arose.
