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We hereby focus into the dryland areas with an aridity index below 0.65 in Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania which include arid, semi-arid as well as sub-humid zones (Figure 1).
Evapotranspiration plays a significant role in the water balance of semi-arid tropical regions as indicated by an Aridity Index of 0.6 in this study, compared to humid regions where the index is mostly well above 1.
Finally, we created the variable aridity = -ln(Q) so that more arid stations get higher values of the aridity index.
42 Aridity index and potential evapotranspiration (PET) data were extracted from the Global-PET and Global-Aridity data sets (CGIARCSI), at 1 km resolution.
Aridity index (ARi) as TaP/TaPET.
Aridity index after de Martonne (de Martonne 1926).
The dominant contributor to ET variability is ET0 under energy-limited condition (aridity index ⩽ 0.76), whereas the dominant contributor is precipitation under equitant (0.76 < aridity index ⩽ 1.35) and water-limited conditions (aridity index ⩾ 1.35).
Also, aridity index is listed as the most important factors of desertification in 13 land units.
Thornthwaite 1948 aridity index (ThARi), being the accumulated precipitation deficit divided by PET in those months.
Areas where the aridity index is greater than unity are commonly classified as dry (Arora 2002).
The contribution of ET0 to ET variability decreases with the aridity index, whereas the contribution of precipitation to ET variability increases with the aridity index.
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