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Exact(6)
For straightforwardly descriptive arguments of the same form, the explanation of why the argument is valid relies on the idea that the phrase in the antecedent has a constant meaning that it represents both unembedded and embedded.
Tarski notes that in order for an argument to be an instance of logical consequence it need not be sufficient that all arguments of the same form be arguments where it is not the case that the premises are true and the conclusion false.
A purely logical approach to argument won't capture this requirement because arguments of the same valid form, but with different contents, can be one epistemically serious and the other not, depending on whether the premises are epistemically acceptable relative to the conclusion.
Within each analog set, divide the propositions into recursively defined equivalence classes of propositions with the same type: (a) Propositions are of the same type if they have arguments of the same types in the same order (and therefore the same number of arguments).
Within each analog set, divide the propositions into recursively defined equivalence classes of propositions with the same type: Propositions are of the same type if they have arguments of the same types in the same order (and therefore the same number of arguments).
Gaunilo's criticism does not explicitly demonstrate a flaw in Anselm's argument; rather, it argues that if Anselm's argument is sound, so are many other arguments of the same logical form, which cannot be accepted.
Similar(54)
But there is a further group of arguments to the same incompatibilist end.
At this point the full proof of Theorem 6.2 follows from a reduction argument of the same kind of the one we stated in Theorem 4.6.
One way to do this is to provide an argument of the same form for which the premises are clearly true and the conclusion is clearly false.
Once O-Trans is assumed, it is natural to think that the non-transmissivity of an argument of the same type will formally be certified by the argument's falsifying O-Trans.
But if the logical form of the ontological argument is such that arguments of precisely the same form generate contradictions, then the ontological argument must be unsound.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com