For example, while some researchers have focused on the use of Stephen Toulmin's framework of argument (e.g. Erduran et al. 2004), others have begun to incorporate Douglas Walton's scheme (e.g. Ozdem et al. 2013).
So for the sake of the argument, let's define this framework for what it is understood or misunderstood to be, which is the sum of all the global efforts in international development: aid from foreign governments, charity foundations, the myriad of NGOs and multinational organizations like the World Bank and UN agencies.
But he rejects the argument that the vagueness of Labour's framework inhibits his party receiving a wider hearing, a point argued by some in the shadow cabinet and in pamphlets such as "In the Black".
Though it eventually became clear that this particular concern can get no traction within Davidson's framework, it is instructive to follow out the line of argument.
Here, we provide a more detailed statistical argument describing the framework's extreme sensitivity to incidental parameters.
The prototypical intelligent sales agent (ISA) is equipped with reinforcement learning capabilities and an abstract argument framework.
The judge portrayed the material as mixed, adding, "More important than these arguments, however, is the fact that the court simply sees no way to accept petitioners' argument under the framework laid out by the D.C. Circuit".
Thus, the purpose of this study is to evaluate VELC Test® score interpretations and uses using Kane's (2006) argument-based validity framework.
In the argument-based validity framework, researchers first formulate an interpretive argument (or a framework to examine a test and provide justification for test interpretation and use), which includes inferences, warrants, assumptions, backing, and rebuttal.
This concerned the Extrapolation inference in Chapelle et al.'s (2008) and Xi (2010) argument-based validity framework.
This concerned the Generalization inference in Chapelle et al.'s (2008) and Xi (2010) argument-based validity framework.
