As Navarro argues, research into the politics in public health is rare due to the disinclination of researchers to tackle the 'dirty issues' that may disrupt the neutral agendas of public funders (57, 58).
Noting that gatekeepers often felt 'used' by researchers, they argued that research would only gain credibility when researchers were seen to contribute to building capacity within services.
The patents, they argued, stifle research and innovation and limit testing options.
Opponents of the patents argued that research and diagnostic testing from others is crucial for patients making important medical decisions.
Robert Nelson, president of the National Coffee Association trade group, argued that research indicated that pregnant women could drink up to four cups of coffee a day without apparent risk.
Habermas (1968/1973), Serres (1972) and others already argued that research is becoming large-scale and hyperactive.
A second opinion, backed by 12 signatures, argued that research cloning should be allowed under strict rules.
She argued that research ethics was 'a matter of significance to the community and not just to the people who will benefit from the research' (Smith 2000b).
The Payscale findings aren't comprehensive, though, argued Catherine Hill, research director of the American Association of University Women, on Today.
