Maintain your own self-concept, with an open mind (to consider, discuss and sincerely argue beliefs).
There are some ladies that when it comes to drinking, you cannot even defeat them…(Chichi, female) Similarly, when asked what she thinks about cultural beliefs that restrict women from drinking alcohol, Chichi noted that she was aware of these beliefs and argued that such beliefs create the circumstances that force women to engage in secret or hidden drinking.
As Donald Davidson (1980) has argued, a belief is identified by its location in a pattern of beliefs, and it is this pattern that determines the subject matter of the belief, what the belief is about.
These range from Carneades, head of the Platonic academy in the second century BC, who argued that "belief in gods is illogical", to the Epicureans, who were often called atheoi in antiquity, and the atheistic writings of Xenophanes of Colophon.
In "Resurrection and the Restoration of Israel" (Yale University Press, 2006), Professor Levenson argued that belief in resurrection was much more deeply rooted in the Hebrew scriptures and Jewish tradition than many Jews today realized.
It has also been argued that belief and desire are conceptually interdependent (Miller 2008).
And it might be argued that belief in their objectivity epitomizes a form of metaphysical realism that cries for justification.
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, influenced by the work of Feuerbach, argued that belief in God and religion are social functions, used by those in power to oppress the working class.
Participant experts argued that belief in misconceptions have always been complicated to deal with in Iranian academic leadership.
