Stoeger et al., showed in instillation exposure studies of carbonaceous ultrafine particles there was a surface area threshold for inflammatory response for all of the different carbonaceous materials investigated.
Note that high area threshold of 4.0A does not allow for the detection of agglomerates with smaller areas that usually form at the beginning of agglomeration occurrence, which substantially reduces the sensitivity of the method and the possibility of timely intervention.
Although previous studies of TiO2 nanoparticles have not shown similar thresholds in instillation experiments, a total surface area threshold of 200 300 cm was found for > 2 μm particles during a chronic inhalation study (Tran et al. 2000).
Recently, a total surface area threshold was observed for a range of ultrafine carbonaceous particles (Stoeger et al. 2006).
Calculate the area of each connected region, which represented a list, then select the appropriate value of area as threshold for image filtering.
Note that there are three parameters that should be selected appropriately in the proposed technique, which includes T area, T ratio (thresholds for eliminating false positive regions), and τ 3 (threshold to determine the coarse segmentation quality).
Different approaches, such as the donut method, 19 may reduce the geomasking error and should restrict effects of sparsely-populated areas within or at the edge of the study area as long as thresholds for k-anonymity are maintained.
We used the same 6.4% area threshold to define richness centers for birds, mammals, and amphibians (i.e., the richest 6.4% of all grid cells for these groups were selected).
Kennedy et al. (2003) distilled the range of reported landscape thresholds and cautiously recommended using percent forest thresholds for area sensitive species that we adopted in this study.
Frequency index of pesticide applications dropped from 0.66 to 0.21 3 years after the scheme was adopted, because of the increase in grassland area and thresholds imposed for maize and wheat.
