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All four alliances present in the Mokihinui lower gorge are widely distributed in NZ, with estimated areal extents ranging from 371,000 to 794,000 ha (Table 1, Fig. 4a).
The most regular structures appear at acceleration voltages higher than 20 kV and areal dose ranges of 350 450 μC/cm2 with lower scanning speeds.
Gravina Rocks area consists of one supratidal pinnacle and four subtidal pinnacles (10 20 m MLW) with areal surfaces ranging from 0.05 to 0.11 km2.
Tanigawa et al. (2005) used adjacent injections of multiple tracers to demonstrate that intra-areal long-range projections cluster at nonoverlapping locations.
On an areal basis, the range represented a gradient of approximately a factor of 140.
Photosynthetic efficiency of ca. 15% (based on visible light) was also reached for Botryococcus braunii indoors with a light intensity of 500 μmol m−2 s−1 in the standing areal biomass density range of ca. 70 to ca. 580 g m−2 [ 23].
The high photosynthetic efficiency of ca. 18% (based on visible light) was reached for Scenedesmus indoors with a light intensity of 700 μmol m−2 s−1 in the land areal biomass density range of 192.5 to 828.1 g m−2 [ 22].
In this study, Parachlorella kessleri cells with areal biomass concentrations ranging from 0.36 to 16.9 g/m2 were immobilized in 2.6 mm thick agar gels.
The most promising materials to date are laminates comprised of polyester fabrics and/or films with areal densities in the range of 40 100 g/m2.
However, it has been always a problem in biodiversity studies about what is a reliable description of local species richness because of the scale effect (here it is more about a range and areal extent in a study).
Non-Crimp Fabric (NCF) materials are now available in a range of areal weights and layer architectures, including 0/45, 0/−45, 45/−45 and 0/90, which correspond to the standard ply orientations employed in traditional UD material lay-ups.
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