During Workshop I, four areas of standardization and harmonization were defined: [1] surgical phenotyping, [2] nonsurgical clinical/epidemiologic phenotyping, [3] and fluid sample and [4] tissue sample collection, processing, and storage protocols for molecular and genetic phenotyping.
During Workshop I, four areas of standardization and harmonization were defined: (I) surgical phenotyping; (II) nonsurgical clinical/epidemiologic phenotyping; (III) fluid sample; and (IV) tissue sample collection, processing, and storage protocols for molecular and genetic phenotyping.
An important area for standardization is choice of media formulation and supplementary additives, including hormones, cofactors and antioxidants.
Another area in need of standardization is the assessment of the metabolic functions of the liver tissue or cells in relation to in vivo values.
Today, China is a major player in numerous areas of Internet standardization in terms of three metrics (participation, patenting and leadership), and is rapidly gaining in terms of document authorship as well.
In many other areas of medicine, standardization has been attained with fruitful results (14); such consistency is crucial for GDM.
Attribution of data provenance and evaluation of the quality of different data sources and methodologies is one area of biocuration where standardization efforts are greatly needed.
The first main problem area is the design of these buildings; the second main problem area is a lack of standardization.
In all surveyed areas, there was an absence of standardization in the data tools, and data processes.
The majority of original research work is in the area of preclinical studies and drug standardization.
