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The fracture area of cement paste decreases with an increase in water-binder (W/B) ratio.
Regarding nucleation effect, Wang (2017) proposed that the nucleation effect of limestone relates to the ratio of surface area of cement particles to that of limestone powder.
PMMA cement infiltration into the open cell of the test block led to the formation of a composite cement/bone structure in the area of cement infiltration.
The presence or absence of the following seven features was assessed: retained metalwork (not shown), new metalwork, retained cement, retained restrictor (a radio-opaque plug inserted in the medullary canal during prosthesis placement to restrict the area of cement, Figure 1c), new fracture, local antimicrobial delivery system (for example gentamicin loaded beads, Figure 1e) and drain.
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During the fiber post cementation into a root canal, only the exposed marginal areas of cement are directly irradiated by the light-curing unit.
Influencing parameters including water cement ratio and specific areas of cements on the fractal dimensions were investigated.
As a potential limitation of this study, we compared Copal and Palacos R-G bone cement in 20 mL volumes of fluid, whereas the surface area of a cement disc exposed relative to the fluid volume is 0.06 cm−1.
The specific surface area of the cement as determined by the Malvern particle size analyzer is 0.457 m2/g.
Figure 8b shows the area of the cement matrix in the general-aggregate concrete, where the original aggregate had become detached.
In general, the surface area of a cement paste increases with increasing degree of hydration and the rate of hydration depends on the w/c (Cook and Hover 1999, Juenger and Jennings 2001).
The emission intensity for wooden piles (kgC m−2) was subtracted from the average value (kgC m−2) of the emission intensity per unit of improved area for cement and sand piles, to generate an emission reduction intensity per unit of HWP-use volume (kgC m−3).
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