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The properties of the FE elements depend on the element type such as cross-sectional area of beam element is known in ANSYS as real constants.
Recently, the emergence of nanopore fabrication technology with helium ion etching, which possesses smaller active area of beam spot and sample, overcomes the difficulty of conventional FIB, in which the diameter of nanopore is larger than 10 nm.
It is further observed that the variation in frequencies is predominant when τ w < τ h as compared to the case of τ w > τ h though the area of beam cross section is the same in both cases.
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Panel zone is the web area of beam-to-column connection delineated by the extension of beam and column flanges through the connection, transmitting moment through a shear panel.
The input parameters affecting the torsional strength were selected as cross-sectional area of beams, dimensions of closed stirrups, spacing of stirrups, cross-sectional area of one-leg of closed stirrup, yield strength of stirrup and longitudinal reinforcement, steel ratio of stirrups, steel ratio of longitudinal reinforcement and concrete compressive strength.
Modern GEO satellites have several microwave transmitter and receiver antennas, which allow a single satellite to form a combination of large area-of-coverage beams for broadcasting and small area-of-coverage "spot beams" for point-to-point communications.
Design variables are cross sectional areas of beams and columns which are considered as discrete variables and chosen from the sets of wide-flange shape steel sections provided by the American Institute of Steel Construction AISCC).
The energy of the beam was 20 keV and 0.58 mA where the targeting area of the beam was approximately 1 μm3.
The cross-sectional area of each beam element was estimated to be 0.09079 nm2 (the diameter of each beam element was considered equal to the thickness of the graphene sheet, that is, 0.34 nm), which was further employed in conjunction with Equation 4 to model the non-linear stress strain behavior of C-C bonds (plotted in Figure 1).
As the Gaussian beam diameter at the pupil increases for the point-scanner, the area of the beam in the field plane decrease according to 1/ h.
The effective width of the EB FRP strips and sheets, w fe, was defined based on a distributed shear-crack pattern to replace the bonding area of a beam with a multiple-line cracking pattern to an equivalent bonding area in a beam with a single-line cracking pattern.
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