Producers who had participated or had certified area in the wheat, feed grains, cotton and rice programmes for at least one of the last five crop years may sign a Production Flexibility Contract authorized under the new legislation.
The approach adopted to evaluate the impact of greening measures in the three areas specialized in wheat cultivation is structured in four steps.
Canada and Russia are known for growing barley, though barley has its origins in the same area as wheat: in the Fertile Crescent which is off the Mediterranean and Red Seas.
For example, recent climatic warming trends have been related to decreased crop yield in many temperate regions, including soy and maize in North America and Asia, and wheat in Asia, and increased yield in other areas, including wheat in North America and rice in the Northern parts of Asia6.
The same holds for the large decline in wheat area in China in the year 2000 where a much smaller decline was predicted.
In China, policy measures have resulted in a further reduction in wheat area and, thus, no increase in output is likely from last year's drought-reduced crop, while in India and Pakistan, dry conditions are hindering the development of the winter wheat crop and lower outputs are forecast.
In contrast, in areas where wheat is mainly grown in rotation with rice, mainly F. asiaticum was found (Zhang et al. 2012).
Our results suggest that NGS-enabled genetics should be feasible in polyploid species and highlight several areas for further improvement in wheat genomics.
The area of wheat harvested in the UK in 1961 was only 0.74 million ha, compared with 1.97 million ha in 2011.
