The following two events being unrelated: 1) A technical area dust-up featuring a middle-aged man launching a head-butt; And 2) Duncan Ferguson making his debut as a coach on Everton's bench.
A design for a low-mass (10 kg) Large-Area Dust Detection Array (LADDA) that can directly detect interstellar dust particles in the size range of 1 to 10 μm is described.
We describe data screening and reduction procedures for dust impact measurements performed by the Arrayed Large-Area Dust Detectors in INterplanetary space (ALADDIN) during its observation period of about 300 days in 2010 2011.
Recently, large-detection-area dust counters have been proposed for future space missions in Earth orbit (Sternovsky et al., 2007; Grün et al, 2009).
Despite its low functionality, such large-sensitive-area dust monitors could enhance the understanding of the dynamic behavior of dust particles in interplanetary space.
The Arrayed Large-Area Dust Detector in Interplanetary Space (ALADDIN), onboard the engineering testing spacecraft Interplanetary Kite-craft Accelerated by Radiation Of the Sun (IKAROS) (Yano et al., 2011), uses two types of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) sensors (9 and 20 μ m in thickness) and has a large total detection area of 0.54 m2.
In rural areas, dust from agricultural operations and wood smoke make up much larger proportions of PM; and along the California coast, another important contributor to PM is sea salt (Cox et al. 2010).
In the cereal growing areas, dust storms occurred regularly, removing much of the surface soil, and soil organic matter levels had fallen, reducing soil stability and lowering soil nitrogen levels (Malcolm, Sale and Egan, 1996).
These results indicate that prevention activities should focus on ways to reduce fire and/or explosion hazards in facilities that store, use, or manufacture hazardous substances such as distributing material safety data sheets to employees, keeping work areas dust free, and storing chemicals away from ignition sources.
Often, it felt like an effort to find an area without dust; often, the areas without dust were muddy.
