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The concerns they voice about the budget deficit, government intervention and inflation are valid, if wrong-headed (not least because capitalism cannot exist without them).
For hypothesis testing, type I error rates are valid if (1) repeated administration of treatment alters the outcome only for effective treatments and (2) carryover effects due to placebo following treatment periods are nonzero only for effective treatments.
It is demonstrated that the Isaacs, Bellman and Pontryagin theories are valid if and only if the optimal trajectories and optimal control curves generated by those methods are totally optimal.
The validity of subjective probabilities is investigated using de Finetti's notion of coherence, under which probability estimates are valid if and only if they obey all axioms of probability theory.
"Unreasonable restraints on alienation of real property are... invalid; reasonable restraints on alienation... are valid if justified by the legitimate interests of the parties". McCausland v. Bankers Life Ins.
Propositions in Lemma 3.1 are valid if we take instead of.
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per site per cooperating neighborhood (this approximation is valid if ).
Measurement is valid if there is convergence to a measure satisfying the invariance and continuity conditions.
"It is valid if the benefits include a transformation of the city.
Will my existing travel insurance policy still be valid if I travel elsewhere?
This will only be valid if acoustics can capture all the essence of biotope heterogeneity.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com