There was a good correlation between ADMS-modeled levels and monitoring data, suggesting that the modeled values were valid estimates of Cd exposure from the smelter; however, we found that the model underestimated concentrations.
In these analyses, associations between hormone levels and both phthalate levels and the interaction variable were generally nonsignificant, suggesting that estimates for boys and girls combined were valid estimates of effect and that the differences in estimates that we observed between boys and girls were generally consistent with random variation.
Estimates of odds ratio (OR), assumed to be valid estimates of the relative risk, and 95percentt confidence interval (95% CI) associated with use of aspirin, non-aspirin NSAIDs, paracetamol, and oral steroids compared to nonuse were computed using unconditional logistic regression.
This observation prompted us to address the question if the negative AP values are valid estimates for the reduction of risk (Additional file 8: Figure S4A-D).
In healthly humans, however, the apparent SID and the effective SID are nearly identical, and are thus valid estimates of SID [ 24].
On the basis of the assumption that estimates of odd ratios (ORs) from case-control studies and risk, rate, and hazard ratios from cohort studies were all valid estimates of the RR, we therefore report all results as the RR for simplicity.
Because the strength of this association will determine whether interventions are likely to cause good or harm, it is crucial that valid estimates of this association are available, particularly at lower arsenic exposure levels.
We conclude that rates for the Zou region are a valid estimate of the incidence of the disease, even if the rates are slightly underestimated.
The group estimate of the MIDAS score was found to be a valid estimate of a rigorous diary-based measure of disability.
Given the potential importance of obesity and overweight as a cause of poor population health outcomes, it is imperative that valid estimates of causal effects are obtained.
