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Furthermore, for concrete items such as television, which have only one translation in Japanese, these are translated using the Japanese cognate form (テレビ /terebi/); however, more abstract words, such as class and other verbs, which can have multiple translations in Japanese, are translated using multiple Japanese words (e.g., クラス /kurasu/, 学級 /gakkyuu/, or 等級 /toukyuu/).
Metabolic pathways are translated using the KEGG Markup Language (KGML) description of diagrams from the KEGG database.
Those unigenes without significant hits are translated using the program ESTscan [ 39], and for the remaining untranslated sequences, the longest ORF of the 6 frames is selected.
Plant mitochondrial genes are translated using the universal genetic code and require tRNAs for all 20 amino acids, and the composition of the tRNA genes, encoded by the plant mitochondrial genomes, are to a high degree unique in angiosperms.
In this web-based tool, genes are identified by BLAST searches, open reading frames of protein-coding genes are translated using the appropriate genetic code (vertebrate mt code), and transfer RNA (tRNA) genes are further identified based on their putative cloverleaf secondary structure.
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Genes were translated using the translation tool at Bioinformatics Organization [ 36], and the protein sequences aligned using CLUSTAL Omega [ 36].
The scale was translated using the back-translation technique.
Through the WIPI-to-Android converter, resources such as images and sounds can be converted, APIs can be converted using a platform mapping engine, and source code can be translated using the source translator.
The Chinese version in Taiwan was translated using the forward and backward translation method in 2011 [ 30].
Alternatively, the CG transcript may be translated using the conserved reading frame from only one parent gene.
mRNA was translated using the rabbit reticulocyte lysate system either in the absence or presence of canine pancreatic microsomes (Promega).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com