Background selection is primarily mediated by the deleterious mutations that are sufficiently weakly selected that they are able to persist to appreciable frequencies but accumulate to increase the extinction probability of linked neutral and beneficial mutations.
Simply put, the nearly neutral theory posits that there exists a significant class of alleles that are sufficiently weakly selected such that the evolutionary dynamics are governed by both drift and selection.
However, as much as 33% of nonsynonymous mutations are sufficiently weakly selected to segregate at low frequency in the polymorphism, which is much greater than usually reported.
We conclude that, despite historical differences in N e for the two species, most newly arising nonsynonymous mutations are sufficiently strongly selected that these differences have played little role in the dynamics of protein evolution.
We estimated that one-quarter of amino acid-changing mutations behave as neutral in O. edulis, and as many as one-third are sufficiently weakly selected to segregate at low frequency in the polymorphism.
This tool may be also used to conduct risk assessments and to evaluate whether selected design strategies are sufficiently safe in case of fire in a specific building.
In this paper, we have shown that the differences between continentally defined groups are sufficiently large that even a randomly selected, minute fraction of the genetic variation in the human genome can be used to characterize ancestral geographic origin in an accurate and reproducible manner.
By close collaboration between the rectal surgeons and radiotherapists, it is possible to select patients who are sufficiently treated by a nondownstaging short course of preoperative radiotherapy to prevent local failure.
One objective in designing studies with perinatal exposure is to select doses that are sufficiently high to challenge the animals but not too high to terminate pregnancy, increase mortality, induce clinical signs of toxicity, or cause unacceptable body weight gain decrements.
This is achieved by selecting the first principal component, as long as the sample sizes are sufficiently large.
