The phrase "are substantial and include" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used when describing the significance or importance of certain elements and what they encompass.
Example: "The findings of the research are substantial and include various factors that contribute to the overall outcome."
Alternatives: "are significant and encompass" or "are considerable and consist of".
The consequences of poor sleep in older adults are substantial and include poor health, cognitive impairment and mortality.
The disadvantages of this technique are substantial and include significant complexity, risk of failure of the vascular anastomosis, risk of non-union to the host bone and morbidity of the donor site.
The individual and societal consequences of restricted linear growth are substantial and include increased risks of mortality, infection, neurocognitive delays, and other disabilities [ 3, 4].
The barriers to designing and implementing this agenda are substantial and include limited evidence supporting these initiatives and the challenges of changing the practice patterns of practising physicians.
Overall costs of traditional pharmacotherapy or complementary and alternative medicine modalities, including over-the-counter treatments and dietary supplements, for managing menopause-related vasomotor symptoms are substantial and include initial and follow-up physician visits and telephone calls.
The adverse social and economic consequences of academic underachievement are substantial and include low rates of post-secondary school education, high rates of unemployment, low salary in adulthood, emotional difficulties and low self-esteem [ 26- 29].
The effects of clinical HP services can be substantial and include reduced morbidity, complications, second surgery, rehospitalisation or death, as well as intermittent outcomes, such as higher patient satisfaction, improved lifestyle, shorter hospital stay, and lower costs.
The impact of CI in patients with HF is substantial and includes an increased risk of rehospitalization, progressive physical disability, and higher mortality (Zuccala et al 2001b, 2003; Hutt et al 2003; Rozzini and Sabatinin 2004).
Thus, the economic burden of IBS in the United States is substantial and includes estimated direct costs (eg, physician visits) of $1.7 to $10 billion annually and estimated indirect costs (eg, employee absenteeism) of up to $20 billion annually [ 7].
The array of Gαs GPCRs expressed in the central nervous system is substantial and includes abundant receptors such as 5-HT4 and 5-HT7 sereceptorseceptors (Giulietti et al., 2014), as well beta-adrenergic (Nomura et al., 2014; Arriza et al., 1992) and corticotropin-releasing factor receptors (Fu and Neugebauer, 2008; Riegel and Williams, 2008).
Differences across studies were substantial, and included variability in the nature of the participant group under investigation (clinical/non-clinical), the MBI being studied, how mindfulness practice was assessed (for example by daily diary or retrospective self-report), and how level of practice was then quantified (e.g. frequency versus duration of practice).
