73, 74 To determine the relative contribution of these three factors, they have to be selectively manipulated, which is not an easy task, particularly in human studies.
This difference may be related to the large number of genes that are selectively expressed during spermatogenesis (Schultz et al. 2003; Wu et al. 2004; Chalmel et al. 2007).
"It's clear that the Detroit manufacturers are aware of the right decisions and are selectively applying them," said Jim Kliesch, a senior engineer in the clean-vehicle program at the Union of Concerned Scientists.
Even relatively recent introgression events have been reported to result in only a very low number of retained genes from the nonbackcross parent, perhaps because only genes that are selectively advantageous are retained (McKinnon et al. 2010).
e Age range Many behavioral studies have consistently shown that persons with ASDs are selectively impaired in their ability to recognize faces [ 25- 33].
A similar argument was made for the subset of dopaminergic neurons that have an intrinsically high firing rate and are selectively targeted in PD (Chan et al., 2007).
For example, it is still not understood what distinguishes TAF-dependent and TAF-independent promoters in yeast (Kuras et al., 2000; Li et al., 2000), why some basic transcription factors, such as mediator, are bound at only some promoters (Fan et al., 2006), or the basis by which chromatin-modifying complexes are selectively recruited to promoters (Ng et al., 2002).
Previous studies clearly indicated that macrophage depletion by liposome-encapsulated dichloromethylene diphosphonate is the most suitable method since it is a non-toxic approach, and upon intracellular release of the substance, macrophages are selectively eliminated without activation (Van Rooijen 1989; Van Rooijen and Sanders 1994).
Due to the applied electric field at the ES device (in other words, spray needle), ions of the same charge polarity (e.g., cations) are selectively lost via the Taylor cone and the formed jet stream that nebulizes into aerosol droplets.
At the doses used here, naltrindole has been shown to attenuate a variety of behaviors that are selectively mediated by δ opioid receptors (Hart et al. 1983; Kitchen and Pinker 1990; Dhawan et al. 1996).
This process has been adapted for host defense, where invading pathogens are selectively targeted by autophagy (Deretic, 2012; Levine et al., 2011; Randow et al., 2013).
