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These interactions are intriguing given that, in humans, deletions and variants of DAZ homologs are associated with the production of very few or no germ cells and, in diverse model organisms, these genes are required solely in the development of the germ cell lineage (24, 29, 44– 51).

The acetylene gas is essentially inert towards the iron chelate, whose presence is required solely for in situ precipitation of sulfur from hydrogen sulfide, i.e. for introducing sulfur into the system prior to acetylene absorption.

While Rb may be required solely for survival of muscle, bone, white fat and lymphoid cells, these studies suggest that it is actively engaged in sequestering inhibitors of differentiation or stimulating expression or activity of differentiation factors in stem/progenitors cells at the stage of bifurcation into different cell lineages.

We suggest that nucleotide binding/hydrolysis is required solely for filament growth/shrinkage as these are essential to maintain the dynamic state of the FtsZ ring in cells.

For this purpose, estimated divergence dates were taken from [ 26]. (An advantage of the use of sister pairs is that the dates were required solely for this purpose, and have no effect on the estimated differences in log rates).

T3SS of SPI-1 is important for the penetration of intestinal epithelium, and T3SS of SPI-2 has been hypothesized to be required solely after bacterium has gained access to the host's macrophages.

For example, approximately 80% of the current Hand Hygiene Australia (HHA) budget is required solely to maintain appropriate auditor (and therefore data) standardization to allow valid interhospital comparisons (Grayson ML, personal communication).

If a dimer is required solely to provide sufficient surface area for G protein coupling, then the proximity provided by such a lipid bridge seems sufficient, but if allosteric regulation by protomers within the dimer is to occur, more direct protein-protein interactions may be required.

In this way they reveal that expression of Pkd2 (a gene normally broadly expressed in the early embryo) is required solely in the node crown cells for normal L-R patterning to occur; expression driven specifically in the remainder of the node did not rescue L-R patterning.

In contrast to fur seals, wallabies do not have an interrupted pattern of lactation and do not have long periods of non-suckling activity, so we predict that continued secretion of LALBA during wallaby lactation is required solely for rapid initiation of mammary gland involution at weaning.

In addition, prior studies also identified a role for the β-PS integrin Mys in this process, demonstrating that it is required solely for monolayer formation at the end of the migration following spreading of cells on the ectoderm (McMahon et al. 2010).