The phrase "are refined using the" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used in contexts where you are describing a process of improvement or enhancement that involves a specific method or tool.
Example: "The materials are refined using the latest technology to ensure optimal performance."
Alternatives: "are improved through the" or "are enhanced by the".
Next, these initial A-cation positions are refined using the original ADF image.
Using this modified ABF image and the initial oxygen positions, the positions are refined using the center of mass, further refined using 2-D Gaussians, 2-D repeating units found, and the atomic planes constructed.
The median value of the predicted QF1 is taken as the quality factor of the first compression, and all q m,n(QF1) values in the candidate set are refined using the estimated quality factor. .
Starting from a rough initial guess, the individual cell wall positions predicted by simple image processing in a liquid foam are refined using the Cellular Potts Model in Fig. 2 by minimizing the surface tension.
With this method, detectors are evaluated by determining circumferential tracks, and digital images of scanning electron and optical microscopes are processed by using the Hough Transform; the resulting circumference parameters are refined using the Max Min clustering algorithm.
In order to evaluate the tightness of the obtained lower bounds, the latter are compared to the MSE results from the estimation algorithms described in [16], where maximum likelihood (ML) pilot-based estimates of the various channel parameters are refined using the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm.
We then performed a controlled paired-refinement, where the starting model was refined using the same refinement protocol against both a full data set and a truncated version (to 2.85 2.95 Å) of the full data set.
The model obtained from MOE was refined using the molecular dynamics refinement tool YASARA and stereochemical quality was analyzed with PROCHECK [32].
Hydrogen atoms were refined using the riding model.
The timing ((hat {tau })) is refined using the non-decimated signal y(n).
Subsequently, the atom positions at the interface were refined using the software packages MOLCAD, MolArch, and SYBYL.
