Trade's effect on jobs and income, which was probably modest through the 1990's, now seems to be growing much larger.
People who were type A had a 5 percent higher risk, and those with type B had a roughly 10 percent greater risk than those with type O. Researchers caution that if blood type has any influence on heart disease risk, it is probably modest, and that unlike other risk factors, including diet and exercise, it is not something that can be controlled.
Certainly, there are complex traits that would require collection of unique medical history information such as asking about atopic dermatitis in a study of retinal detachment; however, most of the answers would be negative and our impression is that the additional work is probably modest.
Therefore, the effect of adjustment for publication bias was probably modest.
Recent work, however, has indicated that the bias produced by nonresponse in random-digit telephone surveys is probably modest (39, 40).
Although the estimates of past TCDD exposure could have been based on some incorrect assumptions, the substantial difference in average serum TCDD concentrations between Ranch Hands and comparison subjects indicates that the impact on estimated associations was probably modest.
The impact of these differences on our final results is probably modest given that almost all of the patients who did not undergo computed tomography or lumbar puncture, or both, were alive at one and six month follow-up.
However, this bias is probably modest because life style habits such as prevalence of smoking and snuff use and the pattern of alcohol consumption among the controls was consistent with that expected for the general population in similar ages [ 11].
The only replicated and validated genetic predictor of anti-TNF response is the 308G→A single-nucleotide polymorphism in the TNF promoter region, but the amount of variation in response accounted for by this marker is probably modest and was questioned in a recent meta-analysis [ 51].
