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Due to phenotypic mutations, rare variants of proteins will emerge that are "pre-adapted" to accommodate the second, beneficial mutation, yielding the complex, adaptive trait, even if transiently.
The wide phylogenetic distribution of species within ECM fungal communities indicates that either ECM fungi are pre-adapted to inhabit serpentine soils, suggesting these habitats are not cause for evolutionary change, or that the evolution of serpentine tolerance has been extraordinarily labile, arising independently in a diverse array of fungal lineages.
Stumpy forms are "pre-adapted" for procyclic differentiation [ 4].
These observations suggest that the TCA cycle is partially repressed and that embryos are pre-adapted to oxidative stress.
Stumpy forms are pre-adapted for differentiation, and populations replace their surface coat protein synchronously upon subjection to differentiation stimuli.
Much more remains to be understood about mechanisms used by organisms that are "pre-adapted" to high PCO2 due to the demands of life in periodically hypercapnic environments.
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I now report that the planktonic larvae of most euphausiids and decapods possess a transparent type of apposition eye, designed for planktonic life, that is pre-adapted for superposition optics.
Species living in the canopy of tropical rainforests may also be pre-adapted to temperature change, according to a 2017 study in the journal Global Ecology and Biogeography, because their treetop habitat already heats up and cools down so much over the course of the daily cycle.
In effect, the frogs were "pre-adapted".
After 12 h incubation 1 ml of these cultures, containing the cells that were pre-adapted to MRS medium with 25% modified wine, were inoculated to 100 ml medium containing 50% modified wine (pH 5.6) and inducted when the cell density reached ~0.2 (OD600).
Therefore, sustaining these 'hidden' specialists becomes advantageous under thermal stress conditions because the coral holobiont is pre-adapted to thermal stress.
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