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The phrase "are only characterized" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used when discussing specific traits or features that define a subject or object, often in a restrictive sense.
Example: "These species are only characterized by their unique mating rituals, which set them apart from others."
Alternatives: "are solely defined" or "are exclusively described".
Exact(6)
Capacity regions are only characterized in some special cases, e.g., Gaussian MAC with additive interference known to both encoders [13].
In MTDC grids, the system state is different, since DC bus voltages are only characterized by their amplitude, and not by their phase-angle, and the transmission line impedances do not present any imaginary component in steady-state at zero frequency.
Until now, bpp like are only characterized from the venom of family Buthidae.
Furthermore, these patients are a random sampling from an AS cohort who are only characterized by the absence of IBD.
Over half of the α-globin structural variants reported to date are only characterized at the amino acid level.
8) iPSC colonies are only characterized by AP staining, which is not a stringent marker, and no functional assays of pluripotency are shown (teratoma or chimera formation).
Similar(54)
Spectra were only characterized by peaks corresponding to sulfate minerals, such as gypsum (414 cm−1, 493 cm−1008008 cm−1 and 1135 cm−1) and to SiO2 (463 cm−1) in the case of samples used for silicification41 (Fig. 3b and c).
Nevertheless, these selective subsets were only characterized in the context of male-female interactions.
Firstly, the channel walls were only characterized in their wetting behavior for water and not for mineral oil.
Up to now, the spin splitting (Zeeman splitting) at B > 0 is considered to be only characterized by the effective g-factor.
Immobilized titania were only characterized by FE-SEM/EDX and BET analysis, for it was not important to undergo other analysis because the titania used for synthesizing immobilized titania were the same as the catalyst characterized as explained above.
More suggestions(15)
are only authorized
are never characterized
are only indicated
are only categorized
are only delineated
are only filled
are only ascertained
are solely characterized
are only identified
are only described
are only analyzed
are only differentiated
is simply characterized
was merely characterized
are only recognized
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com