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Although membrane transport studies are mostly performed in closed systems, the data are often processed using the assumption of the steady-state conditions in the membrane, because the concentrations of the permeant in the bilayer regions are assumed to be much smaller than those in the donor aqueous compartment.
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Note: Sugar is often processed using animal bone char, which is unacceptable to many vegans.
McFall has pointed out that distorted and heavily compressed mics were used to capture some of the room's ambience "to add a bit of grit" to the instrumental tracks; the recordings were often processed further using distressors, special types of compressor noted for their distinctively aggressive sound.
Tuna are highly priced fishes that are often used in processed products.
Yet, despite the promises of automation, they are often still using manual processes to counter these attacks.
Raw communication data are often collected, processed, and coded using recordings (audio or video) to create categorical data.
Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are often used to process time series, but only a few training algorithms exist for RNNs which are complex and often yield poor results.
They are often mined using extremely energy-intensive processes, spewing carbon emissions into the atmosphere and toxins into the ground.
Ion exchange and reverse osmosis are often used treatment processes for oxoanions, but these separation processes leave behind a concentrated waste product that still requires treatment or disposal.
Finally, while biodegradation processes are often used synonymously with the term "natural attenuation," the mass balance approach in this study suggests that hydrodynamic processes such as advective mixing and dispersion account for a much greater percentage of overall attenuation than biodegradation processes in this aquifer system.
To overcome this, non-traditional machining processes are often used.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com